Applied Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Applied Biology - Essay Example This interruption of blood supply and thereby shortage in oxygen supply is normally caused by the collection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is a combination of lipids and White Blood Cells, on the walls of the arteries. This plaque only results in ischemia, and will lead to minimal or extensive infraction or death of the myocardial cells in the heart. When this myocardial infraction happens, the structure and the function of the heart undergo sizable changes. Following myocardial infarction, there will ischemic cascade during which the affected cells will die. Then, the leukocytes and the fibroblasts start to migrate into that necrotic region, and so the death tissue gradually remodels into a dense collagenous scar. (Ingels, Daughters and Baan 1996). In addition, the damages that happen in the myocytes and extracellular matrix formation after myocardial infarction, changes the size and the shape of the left ventricle and heart, thus impacting its structure. This process of changes is commonly known as â€Å"myocardial remodeling†. (Davis, Davies and Lip 2007). During that process of remodeling, the remaining functioning cells of the heart tries assume a different shape by enlarging itself and this is known as hypertrophy. By attaining this enlarged shape, those muscles will try to counter and manage the loss of synchronicity in the functioning of the muscles. These structural changes happen automatically, so the heart can compensate for the loss of key heart muscles. Thus, the function of the heart also gets reoriented after myocardial infraction, because its efficiency deteriorates due to the inability of the dead myocardial cells to aptly contract and thereby contribute to the heart beat and functioning. Even when the heart cells enlarge to compensate for the dead cells, it may not have the desired effect. That is, the enlarged cells may not be able to contract as forcefully and as effectively as the normal-sized and normal functioning cel ls. This restricted function will directly hinder the heart’s ability to generate expectant force during each beat or contraction, thus limiting heart’s functioning and its’ pumping of blood for all parts of the body. In addition, the function of the electrical system of the heart, which initiates the signals for a contraction, could also get disturbed because of the changes in the structure of the heart after myocardial infraction. The disturbance will be in the form of irregular heart rhythms, which is known as arrhythmias, which is a serious and restrictive problem, and has to be treated through medication or through permanent pacemaker implantation. The structural changes could also activate â€Å"systemic processes causing sequelae in many other organs and tissues, as well as further damage to the heart.† (Davis, Davies and Lip 2007, p.10). Thus, these changes in the structure and the function of the heart happens in the form of a vicious cycle, lead ing to further deterioration of the heart, causing other serious complications, which includes total heart failure. 2. Heart failure is a possible complication of a myocardial infarction. Describe the signs/symptoms and explain the physiological changes that are causing them. Heart failure can be categorized and arbitrarily divided into Left-sided failure and Right-sided failure, with each exhibiting certain symptoms. However, Left sided forward failure could overlap with the right sided backward failure, and also importantly the right-sided heart failure could be caused by the left-sided heart failure. Thus, as both are interrelated, the patients could present with both sets of symptoms. Person being affected with heart failure could exhibit mainly the symptoms of shortness of breath and swelling,

Make a summery for this Interview Questions and Answers Essay

Make a summery for this Interview Questions and Answers - Essay Example The district provides a computer program called TEAMS for scheduling. The principal and the counselor mutually develop the master schedule. Different campuses take different durations to complete the master schedule. Sometimes, it is completed by the eend of the school year, but some campuses complete it a week before the students arrival on campus. Variables that influence the development of master schedule primarily include courses that can only be offered once and the teachers schedules. Such courses should not be offered simultaneously. The master schedule is finally approved by the guidance office and the principal. Factors involved in the development of master schedule when arranged in the order of decreasing importance are these; labs and specialized need courses, personnel allocations, facilities, time, and extra-curricular activities. Adjustments in the master schedule are made according to the needs of the students. Adjustments are made with mutual consensus of the principa l and the counselor. The master schedule is not affected by the peprally, early release, or special programs since these factors are linked with the special schedules. Goals are identified considering the campus needs and the budget. Goals that address the campus needs without exceeding the budget are established. The rest may be postponed. The central office starts the budgeting at the end of the year which continues till the Summer months. The actual budget is not materialized till the next school years beginning. The central office provides assistance for the budget management. The principal is helped in the decision making process regarding all matters related to the campus from the Site Based Decision Making (SBDM) committee. Every campus is allocated budget at the 1st of September. Budget includes different kinds of funds, travel, and staff development programs. Allocation of funds is the next step. The campus budget